The Relationship Between Primary Caregivers’ Psychosocial Factors and Self Esteem in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: An Exploratory Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the correlation between primary caregivers’ psychosocial factors and self-esteem in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Involving primary caregivers and their children with ADHD, aged 8-15, was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023. The children’s self-esteem was assessed using the Five-Scale Test of Self-Esteem for Children. Primary caregivers’ psychosocial factors were assessed using the Attitude of Parenting Questionnaire, Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression were used to determine the associations among variables. Results: The study included 66 pairs of children and adolescents with ADHD and their primary caregivers.

The study found 53% of caregivers screened positive for depression, while 16.7% screened positive for anxiety. Almost all caregivers (90.9%) adopted an authoritative parenting. The mean self-esteem score in participants with ADHD was 39.23±8.99. Younger caregivers, those with an education level below a bachelor’s degree, higher monthly income, positive screening for depression, and lower attitudes toward parenting scores were significantly associated with low self-esteem scores in their children.

Author 

Prakasit Wannapaschaiyong; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University

Amornrat Penphattarakul; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok

Pat Rojmahamongkol; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok

Sureelak Sutchritpongsa; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok

Methods: A cross-sectional study

Year: August 2023, Siriraj Medical Journal

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